Mining 1830 - 1920
W. Griem, 2006 - 2021
Scientific discoveries
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Text: Introduction
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Intro Mining History
Amonite from Burmeister (1851): In its original publication orientation.
Darwin (1876)
Henwood (1871): On the mining Chañarcillo
Introduction to mining history 1830 - 1920
But not only technical progress is important. Great successes have also been achieved in the scientific field:
Scientific
discoveries between 1830 and 1920:
The natural sciences succeeded in this time a veritable
avalanche of discoveries and new knowledge. The sciences, in general,
were in a state of radical change throughout this period. Mainly one
moved away from a primarily descriptive science into an analyzing and
modern science. Now models were designed (and discarded), theories
developed, and the scientists discussed more complex contexts.
Many scientists have now also used the opportunity to travel to other
areas to gain new insights. South America was a fascinating target in
biology and geology and, of course, in the social sciences. This "new"
continent offered early scientists an excellent opportunity to identify
new species, fossils, or minerals. To discover and classify the unknown,
to point out analogies to European specimens and observations, this was
also the scientific goal.
The English researchers such as LYELL (1830: LYELL Ch.
Principles of Geology) and DARWIN: 1831-36 Darwin's expedition to South
America. 1859 he published "On the Origin of Species," based on his
research from previous years. 1871 Darwin publishes "The Descent of
Man."
In 1873 Dana described the Geosynclinal Theory: An attempt
to explain mountain formation geology in a universal model. He also ends
the belief that catastrophic processes created mountains.
In
1897 Marie Curie described large parts of the phenomenon of
radioactivity. Rutherford first succeeded in 1905 in carrying out an
absolute age dating, which resulted in an earth age of more than 2 g. a.
(2 billion) years. It should still be remembered that the vast majority
of geoscientists had assumed that the values at that time were
considerably lower. Einstein discovered the theory of relativity (E= m X
c2) in 1905.
Alfred Wegener published the Continental Drift Theory in 1912.
This new theory never found great affection in its time. But sixty years
later, the old geosynclinal theory was superseded.
In Chile,
especially in the Atacama region, the presence of some world-renowned
scientists of that time should be emphasized. DARWIN, DOMEYKO, PHILIPPI,
and GAY visited the region to get new impulses for their research.
Not-so-well-known scientists such as HENWOOD (Geology of the Chañarcillo
deposit) and many others also show a lively scientific activity in this
region.
Literature and Links
Bibliographical reference
Link:
Muy interesante:
Historia
de la ciencia "Timeline" (en inglés) - excelente!
Literatura:
PHILIPPI, RUDOLPH AMANDUS (1860): REISE DURCH DIE WUESTE ATACAMA AUF BEFEHL
DER CHILENISCHEN REGIERUNG IM SOMER 1853-54 UNTERNOMMEN UND BESCHRIEBEN.
VON DR... NEBST EINER KARTE UND XXVII TAFELN HALLE Eduard Anton 1860
DARWIN, CH. (1876): Geological observations on the volcanic islands and
parts of South America visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. - 2.
Edition, Smith, Elder & Co.; London.
Henwood, W.J. (1871): On the Mining District of Chañarcillo in Chili.
- Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall; 8:1, pp. 169-153.
Simonin (1867): La Vie Souterraine Du Les Mines et les Mineures" (Paris
1867)
Mining Atacama
History of Atacama
History of mining 1830-1920
Intro epoch 1830-1920
Technical innovations
●
Scientific innovations
Social conscience
Educational impulse
Mine safety
Globalization
Records of the period::
Gilliss: Apires
and barreteros
Work conditions of miners
Los Mineros (Tornero 1872)
Apires y barreteros - Tornero
General Geology:
History of Geosciences
Mining
Historical sketches mining
Chapter "History of
Geology"
Historia de las geociencias
Mining history of Atacama
Mining
from 1830 to 1920
List of minig districts of Atacama
Mining in Atacama
Chañarcillo
Tres Puntas
Carrizal Alto
Cerro Blanco
Lomas Bayas
Cabeza de Vaca
Visitors and
scientists
List of visitors
R.A. Philippi in Atacama
Paul Treutler
in Atacama
Charles Darwin, Atacama (1835)
Ignacio Domeyko y Copiapó
Kunz en Copiapó
Hugo Kunz en Chañarcillo
Gilliss Mineros en Chañarcillo
Additional
information
Timeline Atacama
Mining history of Atacama
The railroad history of Atacama
Cartas y Mapas de Atacama
Cartas históricas de Atacama
Listado de personajes de Atacama
Others
The railroad history of Atacama
History
of Atacama
Mining history of Atacama
Geología Atacama
Climate of the Atacama Region
Virtual viewpoint Atacama
Literature and links:
List of bibliography:
Here
Bibliographical reference
●
SIMONIN, L. (1869): Underground
life, Mines y Miners. - 522 páginas, Translated by H.W. Bristol; London;
Chapman & Hall; 1869. (Collection W. Griem) -
see page with more links
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